Next: Index
Up: FAST PHOTOMETRIC IMAGING OF
Previous: 6.2 Further Research
  Contents
  Index
-
Armstrong, R., J. Shorter, M. Taylor, D. Suszcynsky, W. Lyons, and L. Jeong,
Photometric measurements in the SPRITES '95 and '96 campaigns of nitrogen
second positive (399.8 nm) and first negative (427.8 nm) emissions, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 60, 787-99,
1998a.
-
-
Armstrong, R., D. Suszcynsky, W. Lyons, and T. Nelson, Multi-color photometric
measurements of ionization and energies in sprites, Geophysical Research
Letters, 27, 653-6, 2000.
-
-
Armstrong, R. A., D. M. Suszcynsky, R. Strabley, W. A. Lyons, and T. Nelson,
Simultaneous Multi-Color Photometric and Video Recording of SPRITES and
their parent lightning mechanisms and energy deposition, EOS
Supplement, 79, F165, 1998b, fall AGU 1998, A41C-10
talk.
-
-
Barrington-Leigh, C., and U. Inan, Elves triggered by positive and negative
lightning discharges, Geophysical Research Letters, 26,
683-6, 1999.
-
-
Barrington-Leigh, C., U. Inan, M. Stanley, and S. Cummer, Sprites triggered by
negative lightning discharges, Geophysical Research Letters, 26, 3605-8, 1999a.
-
-
Barrington-Leigh, C. P., U. S. Inan, and M. Stanley, Elves: Photometric and
Video Signatures, in EOS Supplement, vol. 80, p. F224,
1999b.
-
-
Barrington-Leigh, C. P., U. S. Inan, and M. Stanley, Identification of Sprites
and Elves with Intensified Video and Broadband Array Photometry, Journal
of Geophysical Research, in press, 2000.
-
-
Bazelyan, E. M., and Y. P. Raizer, Spark Discharge, CRC Press, Boca
Raton, 1998.
-
-
Bell, T., S. Reising, and U. Inan, Intense continuing currents following
positive cloud-to-ground lightning associated with red sprites, Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 1285-8, 1998.
-
-
Bevington, P. R., and D. K. Robinson, Data Reduction and Error Analysis
for the Physical Sciences, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1992.
-
-
Bickel, J., J. Ferguson, and G. Stanley, Experimental observation of magnetic
field effects on VLF propagation at night, Radio Science, 5,
19-25, 1970.
-
-
Boccippio, D., E. Williams, S. Heckman, W. Lyons, I. Baker, and R. Boldi,
Sprites, ELF transients, and positive ground strokes, Science, 269, 1088-91, 1995.
-
-
Boeck, W., J. Vaughan, O.H., R. Blakeslee, B. Vonnegut, and M. Brook, Lightning
induced brightening in the airglow layer, Geophysical Research
Letters, 19, 99-102, 1992.
-
-
Boeck, W., J. Vaughan, O.H., R. Blakeslee, B. Vonnegut, M. Brook, and
J. McKune, Observations of lightning in the stratosphere, Journal of
Geophysical Research, 100, 1465-75, 1995.
-
-
Boeck, W., J. Vaughan, O.H., R. Blakeslee, B. Vonnegut, and M. Brook, The role
of the space shuttle videotapes in the discovery of sprites, jets and elves,
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 60,
669-77, 1998.
-
-
Budden, K., Propagation of radio waves. The theory of radio waves of low
power in the ionosphere and magnetosphere, Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, 1985.
-
-
Chalmers, J. A., Atmospheric Electricity, 2nd ed., Pergamon Press,
1967.
-
-
Chamberlain, J. W., Theory of planetary atmospheres, Academic Press,
New York, 1978.
-
-
Chapman, B. N. (Ed.), Glow discharge processes, John Wiley & Sons,
1980.
-
-
Charman, W., and J. Jelley, A search for pulses of fluorescence produced by
supernovae in the upper atmosphere, Journal of Physics A (Mathematical
and General), 5, 773-80, 1972.
-
-
Cho, M., and M. Rycroft, Computer simulation of the electric field structure
and optical emission from cloud-top to the ionosphere, Journal of
Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 60, 871-88, 1998.
-
-
Cummer, S., and U. Inan, Measurement of charge transfer in sprite-producing
lightning using ELF radio atmospherics, Geophysical Research Letters,
24, 1731-4, 1997.
-
-
Cummer, S., and M. Stanley, Submillisecond resolution lightning currents and
sprite development: observations and implications, Geophysical Research
Letters, 26, 3205-8, 1999.
-
-
Cummer, S., U. Inan, and T. Bell, Ionospheric D region remote sensing using VLF
radio atmospherics, Radio Science, 33, 1781-92,
1998a.
-
-
Cummer, S., U. Inan, T. Bell, and C. Barrington-Leigh, ELF radiation produced
by electrical currents in sprites, Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 1281-4, 1998b.
-
-
Cummer, S. A., Lightning and ionospheric remote sensing using VLF/ELF radio
atmospherics, Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University, 1997.
-
-
Cummer, S. A., and U. S. Inan, Modeling ELF radio atmospheric propagation and
extracting lightning currents from ELF observations, Radio Science,
35, 385-94, 2000.
-
-
Cummins, K., E. Krider, and M. Malone, The US National Lightning Detection
Network/sup TM/ and applications of cloud-to-ground lightning data by
electric power utilities, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic
Compatibility, 40, 465-80, 1998a.
-
-
Cummins, K., M. Murphy, E. Bardo, W. Hiscox, R. Pyle, and A. Pifer, A combined
TOA/MDF technology upgrade of the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 9035-44,
1998b.
-
-
Dhali, S., and P. Williams, Numerical simulation of streamer propagation in
nitrogen at atmospheric pressure, Physical Review A (General
Physics), 31, 1219-21, 1985.
-
-
Dowden, R., J. Brundell, and W. Lyons, Are VLF rapid onset, rapid decay
perturbations produced by scattering off sprite plasma?, Journal of
Geophysical Research, 101, 19,175-83, 1996.
-
-
Dowden, R., S. Hardman, C. Rodger, and J. Brundell, Logarithmic decay and
Doppler shift of plasma associated with sprites, Journal of Atmospheric
and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 60, 741-53, 1998.
-
-
Erlick, C., and J. Frederick, Effects of aerosols on the wavelength dependence
of atmospheric transmission in the ultraviolet and visible. 2. Continental
and urban aerosols in clear skies, Journal of Geophysical Research,
103, 23,275-85, 1998.
-
-
Farrell, W., and M. Desch, Cloud-to-stratosphere lightning discharges: a radio
emission model, Geophysical Research Letters, 19, 665-8,
1992.
-
-
Fernsler, R., and H. Rowland, Models of lightning-produced sprites and elves,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 29,653-62, 1996.
-
-
Feynman, R. P., R. B. Leighton, and M. L. Sands, Electricity in the Atmosphere,
in The Feynman Lectures on Physics, vol. 2, Addison-Wesley, Redwood
City, Calif, 1989.
-
-
Fishman, G., et al., Discovery of intense gamma-ray flashes of atmospheric
origin, Science, 264, 1313-16, 1994.
-
-
Franz, R., R. Nemzek, and J. Winckler, Television image of a large upward
electrical discharge above a thunderstorm system, Science, 249, 48-51, 1990.
-
-
Fukunishi, H., Y. Takahashi, M. Fujito, Y. Watanabe, and K. Sakanoi, Fast
imaging of elves and sprites using a framing / streak camera and a
multi-anode array photometer, in EOS Supplement, vol. 77, p. F60,
1996a, fall AGU Meeting Abstracts.
-
-
Fukunishi, H., Y. Takahashi, M. Kubota, K. Sakanoi, U. Inan, and W. Lyons,
Elves: lightning-induced transient luminous events in the lower ionosphere,
Geophysical Research Letters, 23, 2157-60,
1996b.
-
-
Fukunishi, H., Y. Takahashi, M. Sato, A. Shone, M. Fujito, and Y. Watanabe,
Ground-based observations of ULF transients excited by strong lightning
discharges producing elves and sprites, Geophysical Research Letters,
24, 2973-6, 1997.
-
-
Fukunishi, H., Y. Takahashi, Y. Watanabe, A. Uchida, M. Sato, and W. A. Lyons,
Frequent Occurrences of Elves Discovered by Array Photometer Observations,
EOS Supplement, 79, F164, 1998, fall AGU 1998, A41C-03 talk.
-
-
Gerken, E. A., U. S. Inan, C. P. Barrington-Leigh, and M. Stanley, Results from
a New Telescopic Imager: A Survey of Sprite Structures, EOS
Supplement, 79, F137, 1998, a31A-16.
-
-
Gerken, E. A., U. S. Inan, and C. P. Barrington-Leigh, Telescopic imaging of
sprites, Geophysical Research Letters, 27, 2637-40, 2000.
-
-
Glukhov, V., and U. Inan, Particle simulation of the time-dependent interaction
with the ionosphere of rapidly varying lightning EMP, Geophysical
Research Letters, 23, 2193-6, 1996.
-
-
Glukhov, V., V. Pasko, and U. Inan, Relaxation of transient lower ionospheric
disturbances caused by lightning-whistler-induced electron precipitation
bursts, Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 16,971-9, 1992.
-
-
Goldstein, H., Classical Mechanics, 2nd ed., Addison Wesley, 1980.
-
-
Green, B., et al., Molecular excitation in sprites, Geophysical Research
Letters, 23, 2161-4, 1996.
-
-
Guo, C., and E. Krider, The optical and radiation field signatures produced by
lightning return strokes, Journal of Geophysical Research, 87, 9813-22, 1982.
-
-
Hampton, D., M. Heavner, E. Wescott, and D. Sentman, Optical spectral
characteristics of sprites, Geophysical Research Letters, 23,
89-92, 1996.
-
-
Heavner, M. J., Optical spectroscopic observations of sprites, blue jets, and
elves: Inferred microphysical processes and their macrophysical implications,
Ph.D. dissertation, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2000.
-
-
Heavner, M. J., et al., Ionization in Sprites, EOS Supplement, 79, F165, 1998, fall AGU 1998, A41C-12 talk.
-
-
Huang, E., E. Williams, R. Boldi, S. Heckman, W. Lyons, M. Taylor, T. Nelson,
and C. Wong, Criteria for sprites and elves based on Schumann resonance
observations, Journal of Geophysical Research, 104,
16,943-64, 1999.
-
-
Inan, U., VLF heating of the lower ionosphere, Geophysical Research
Letters, 17, 729-32, 1990.
-
-
Inan, U., D. Shafer, W. Yip, and R. Orville, Subionospheric VLF signatures of
nighttime D region perturbations in the vicinity of lightning discharges,
Journal of Geophysical Research, 93, 11,455-72, 1988.
-
-
Inan, U., T. Bell, and J. Rodriguez, Heating and ionization of the lower
ionosphere by lightning, Geophysical Research Letters, 18,
705-8, 1991.
-
-
Inan, U., J. Rodriguez, and V. Idone, VLF signatures of lightning-induced
heating and ionization of the nighttime D-region, Geophysical Research
Letters, 20, 2355-8, 1993.
-
-
Inan, U., T. Bell, V. Pasko, D. Sentman, E. Wescott, and W. Lyons, VLF
signatures of ionospheric disturbances associated with sprites, Geophysical Research Letters, 22, 3461-4, 1995.
-
-
Inan, U., V. Pasko, and T. Bell, Sustained heating of the ionosphere above
thunderstorms as evidenced in ``early/fast'' VLF events, Geophysical
Research Letters, 23, 1067-70, 1996a.
-
-
Inan, U., S. Reising, G. Fishman, and J. Horack, On the association of
terrestrial gamma-ray bursts with lightning and implications for sprites,
Geophysical Research Letters, 23, 1017-20,
1996b.
-
-
Inan, U., W. Sampson, and Y. Taranenko, Space-time structure of optical flashes
and ionization changes produced by lightning-EMP, Geophysical Research
Letters, 23, 133-6, 1996c.
-
-
Inan, U., A. Slingeland, V. Pasko, and J. Rodriguez, VLF and LF signatures of
mesospheric/lower ionospheric response to lightning discharges, Journal
of Geophysical Research, 101, 5219-38, 1996d.
-
-
Inan, U., C. Barrington-Leigh, S. Hansen, V. Glukhov, T. Bell, and R. Rairden,
Rapid lateral expansion of optical luminosity in lightning-induced
ionospheric flashes referred to as elves', Geophysical Research
Letters, 24, 583-6, 1997.
-
-
Inan, U. S., and A. S. Inan, Engineering Electromagnetics,
Addison-Wesley, 1999.
-
-
Jacoby, G., D. Hunter, and C. Christian, A library of stellar spectra, Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 56, 257-81, 1984.
-
-
Johnson, H., and R. Mitchell, Thirteen-color photometry of 1380 bright stars,
Revista Mexicana de Astronomia y Astrofisica, 1, 299-324,
1975.
-
-
Johnson, M., U. Inan, S. Lev-Tov, and T. Bell, Scattering pattern of
lightning-induced ionospheric disturbances associated with early/fast VLF
events, Geophysical Research Letters, 26, 2363-6, 1999.
-
-
Jordan, E. C., and K. G. Balmain, Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating
Systems, 2nd ed., Prentice Hall, 1968.
-
-
Krider, E., On the electromagnetic fields, Poynting vector, and peak power
radiated by lightning return strokes, Journal of Geophysical
Research, 97, 15,913-17, 1992.
-
-
Landolt, H., and K. H. Hellwege, Numerical data and functional
relationships in science and technology. Comprehensive index for 6th edition
1950-1980 and New series 1961-1985, Springer-Verlag, 1987.
-
-
Lauben, D., U. Inan, and T. Bell, Poleward-displaced electron precipitation
from lightning-generated oblique whistlers, Geophysical Research
Letters, 26, 2633-6, 1999.
-
-
Lehtinen, N., T. Bell, V. Pasko, and U. Inan, A two-dimensional model of
runaway electron beams driven by quasi-electrostatic thundercloud fields,
Geophysical Research Letters, 24, 2639-42, 1997.
-
-
Lehtinen, N., T. Bell, and U. Inan, Monte Carlo simulation of runaway MeV
electron breakdown with application to red sprites and terrestrial gamma ray
flashes, Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 24,699-712,
1999.
-
-
Lehtinen, N. G., Relativistic runaway electrons above thunderstorms, Ph.D.
dissertation, Stanford University, 2000.
-
-
Li, Y. Q., R. H. Holzworth, H. Hu, M. McMarthy, R. D. Massey, P. M. Kintner,
J. V. Rodriguez, U. S. Inan, and W. C. Armstrong, Anomalous Optical Events
Detected by Rocket-Borne Sensor in the WIPP Campaign, Journal of
Geophysical Research, 96, 1315-1326, 1991.
-
-
Llewellyn-Jones, F., The Glow Discharge, Methuen & Co., 1966.
-
-
Lyons, W., Characteristics of luminous structures in the stratosphere above
thunderstorms as imaged by low-light video, Geophysical Research
Letters, 21, 875-8, 1994.
-
-
Lyons, W., Sprite observations above the U.S. High Plains in relation to their
parent thunderstorm systems, Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 29,641-52, 1996.
-
-
Lyons, W., M. Uliasz, and T. Nelson, Large peak current cloud-to-ground
lightning flashes during the summer months in the contiguous United States,
Monthly Weather Review, 126, 2217-33, 1998.
-
-
Marshall, T., M. Stolzenburg, and W. Rust, Electric field measurements above
mesoscale convective systems, Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 6979-96, 1996.
-
-
Meek, J. M., and J. D. Craggs (Eds.), Electrical Breakdown of Gases,
John Wiley & Sons, 1978.
-
-
Mende, S., R. Rairden, G. Swenson, and W. Lyons, Sprite spectra; N
1 PG
band identification, Geophysical Research Letters, 22,
2633-6, 1995.
-
-
Milikh, G., K. Papadopoulos, and C. Chang, On the physics of high altitude
lightning, Geophysical Research Letters, 22, 85-8, 1995.
-
-
Milikh, G., J. Valdivia, and K. Papadopoulos, Model of red sprite optical
spectra, Geophysical Research Letters, 24, 833-6, 1997.
-
-
Milikh, G., J. Valdivia, and K. Papadopoulos, Spectrum of red sprites, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 60, 907-15,
1998.
-
-
Montenbruck, O., and T. Pfleger, Astronomy on the personal computer,
SDpringer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 1998.
-
-
Morrill, J., E. Bucsela, V. Pasko, S. Berg, M. Heavner, D. Moudry, W. Benesch,
E. Wescott, and D. Sentman, Time resolved N
triplet state vibrational
populations and emissions associated with red sprites, Journal of
Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 60, 811-29, 1998.
-
-
Nemiroff, R., J. Bonnell, and J. Norris, Temporal and spectral characteristics
of terrestrial gamma flashes, Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 9659-65, 1997.
-
-
Nemzek, R., and J. Winckler, Observation and interpretation of fast sub-visual
light pulses from the night sky, Geophysical Research Letters, 16, 1015-18, 1989.
-
-
Ogelman, H., Millisecond time scale atmospheric light pulses associated with
solar and magnetospheric activity, Journal of Geophysical Research,
78, 3033-9, 1973.
-
-
Orville, R., Cloud-to-ground lightning flash characteristics in the contiguous
United States: 1989-1991, J. Geophys. Res. (USA), Journal of Geophysical
Research, 99, 10,833-41, 1994.
-
-
Pasko, V., U. Inan, Y. Taranenko, and T. Bell, Heating, ionization and upward
discharges in the mesosphere due to intense quasi-electrostatic thundercloud
fields, Geophysical Research Letters, 22, 365-8, 1995.
-
-
Pasko, V., U. Inan, and T. Bell, Blue jets produced by quasi-electrostatic
pre-discharge thundercloud fields, Geophysical Research Letters, 23, 301-4, 1996a.
-
-
Pasko, V., U. Inan, and T. Bell, Sprites as luminous columns of ionization
produced by quasi-electrostatic thundercloud fields, Geophysical
Research Letters, 23, 649-52, 1996b.
-
-
Pasko, V., U. Inan, and T. Bell, Sprites as evidence of vertical gravity wave
structures above mesoscale thunderstorms, Geophysical Research
Letters, 24, 1735-8, 1997a.
-
-
Pasko, V., U. Inan, T. Bell, and Y. Taranenko, Sprites produced by
quasi-electrostatic heating and ionization in the lower ionosphere, Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 4529-61,
1997b.
-
-
Pasko, V., U. Inan, and T. Bell, Spatial structure of sprites, Geophysical
Research Letters, 25, 2123-6, 1998a.
-
-
Pasko, V., U. Inan, T. Bell, and S. Reising, Mechanism of ELF radiation from
sprites, Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 3493-6,
1998b.
-
-
Pasko, V., U. Inan, and T. Bell, Thermal runaway electrons in sprites, in 1999 URSI National Radio Science Meeting, Program and Abstracts, p. 152,
Boulder, Colorado, 1999a.
-
-
Pasko, V., U. Inan, and T. Bell, Mesospheric electric field transients due to
tropospheric lightning discharges, Geophysical Research Letters, 26, 1247-50, 1999b.
-
-
Pasko, V., U. Inan, and T. Bell, Fractal structure of sprites, Geophysical
Research Letters, 27, 497-500, 2000.
-
-
Poulsen, W., T. Bell, and U. Inan, The scattering of VLF waves by localized
ionospheric disturbances produced by lightning-induced electron
precipitation, Journal of Geophysical Research, 98,
15,553-9, 1993.
-
-
Rairden, R., and S. Mende, Time resolved sprite imagery, Geophysical
Research Letters, 22, 3465-8, 1995.
-
-
Raizer, Y., G. Milikh, M. Shneider, and S. Novakovski, Long streamer in the
upper atmosphere above thundercloud, Journal of Physics D (Applied
Physics), 31, 3255-64, 1998.
-
-
Rees, J. A. (Ed.), Electrical Breakdown in Gases, John Wiley & Sons,
1973.
-
-
Reising, S., U. Inan, T. Bell, and W. Lyons, Evidence for continuing current in
sprite-producing cloud-to-ground lightning, Geophysical Research
Letters, 23, 3639-42, 1996.
-
-
Reising, S., U. Inan, and T. Bell, ELF sferic energy as a proxy indicator for
sprite occurrence, Geophysical Research Letters, 26, 987-90,
1999.
-
-
Rodger, C., Red sprite, upward lightning, and VLF perturbations, Reviews
of Geophysics, 37, 317-36, 1999.
-
-
Rodriguez, J., U. Inan, and T. Bell, D region disturbances caused by
electromagnetic pulses from lightning, Geophysical Research Letters,
19, 2067-70, 1992.
-
-
Roussel-Dupre, R., and E. Blanc, HF echoes from ionization potentially produced
by high-altitude discharges, Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 4613-22, 1997.
-
-
Roussel-Dupre, R., and A. Gurevich, On runaway breakdown and upward propagating
discharges, Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 2297-311,
1996.
-
-
Roussel-Dupre, R., E. Symbalisty, Y. Taranenko, and V. Yukhimuk, Simulations of
high-altitude discharges initiated by runaway breakdown, Journal of
Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 60, 917-40, 1998.
-
-
Rowland, H., Theories and simulations of elves, sprites and blue jets, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 60, 831-44,
1998.
-
-
Rowland, H., R. Fernsler, J. Huba, and P. Bernhardt, Lightning driven EMP in
the upper atmosphere, Geophysical Research Letters, 22,
361-4, 1995.
-
-
Rowland, H., R. Fernsler, and P. Bernhardt, Breakdown of the neutral atmosphere
in the D region due to lightning driven electromagnetic pulses, Journal
of Geophysical Research, 101, 7935-45, 1996.
-
-
Sampath, H., U. Inan, and M. Johnson, Recovery signatures and occurrence
properties of lightning-associated subionospheric VLF perturbations, Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 183-91, 2000.
-
-
Sentman, D., and E. Wescott, Observations of upper atmospheric optical flashes
recorded from an aircraft, Geophysical Research Letters, 20,
2857-60, 1993.
-
-
Sentman, D., and E. Wescott, Red sprites and blue jets: thunderstorm-excited
optical emissions in the stratosphere, mesosphere, and ionosphere, Phys.
Plasmas (USA), Physics of Plasmas, 2, 2514-22, 1995.
-
-
Sentman, D., E. Wescott, D. Osborne, D. Hampton, and M. Heavner, Preliminary
results from the Sprites94 aircraft campaign. 1. Red sprites, Geophysical Research Letters, 22, 1205-8, 1995.
-
-
Sipler, D., and M. Biondi, Measurements of O(
D) quenching rates in the
F-region, Journal of Geophysical Research, 77, 6202-12,
1972.
-
-
Stanley, M., P. Krehbiel, M. Brook, C. Moore, W. Rison, and B. Abrahams, High
speed video of initial sprite development, Geophysical Research
Letters, 26, 3201-4, 1999.
-
-
Stanley, M., M. Brook, P. Krehbiel, and S. Cummer, Detection of daytime sprites
via a unique sprite ELF signature, Geophysical Research Letters, 27, 871-4, 2000.
-
-
Stanley, M. A., Sprites and their Parent Discharges, Ph.D. dissertation, New
Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 2000.
-
-
Stanton, P., and R. St John, Electron excitation of the first positive bands of
N
and of the first negative and Meinel bands of N
, Journal
of the Optical Society of America, 59, 252-60, 1969.
-
-
Sturrock, P. A., Plasma Physics: an introduction to the theory of
astrophysical, geophysical, and laboratory plasmas, Cambridge University
Press, 1994.
-
-
Sukhorukov, A., E. Rudenchik, and P. Stubbe, Simulation of the strong lightning
pulse penetration into the lower ionosphere, Geophysical Research
Letters, 23, 2911-14, 1996.
-
-
Suszcynsky, D., R. Roussel-Dupre, W. Lyons, and R. Armstrong, Blue-light
imagery and photometry of sprites, Journal of Atmospheric and
Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 60, 801-9, 1998.
-
-
Taflove, A., Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference
Time-Domain Method, Artech House, Inc., 1995.
-
-
Taranenko, Y., and R. Roussel-Dupre, High altitude discharges and gamma-ray
flashes: a manifestation of runaway air breakdown, Geophysical Research
Letters, 23, 571-4, 1996.
-
-
Taranenko, Y., U. Inan, and T. Bell, Optical signatures of lightning-induced
heating of the D region, Geophysical Research Letters, 19,
1815-18, 1992.
-
-
Taranenko, Y., U. Inan, and T. Bell, Interaction with the lower ionosphere of
electromagnetic pulses from lightning: heating, attachment, and ionization,
Geophysical Research Letters, 20, 1539-42,
1993a.
-
-
Taranenko, Y., U. Inan, and T. Bell, The interaction with the lower ionosphere
of electromagnetic pulses from lightning: excitation of optical emissions,
Geophysical Research Letters, 20, 2675-8,
1993b.
-
-
Taranenko, Y., R. Roussel-Dupre, V. Yukhimuk, and E. Symbalisty, Generation of
elves by sprites and jets, in XXIII International Conference on
Phenomena in Ionized Gases, ICPIGProceedings. Contributed Papers, pp. 8-9
vol.3, 1997.
-
-
Thomason, L., and E. Krider, The effects of clouds on the light produced by
lightning, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 39, 2051-65,
1982.
-
-
Tsunoda, R., R. Livingston, J. Buonocore, W. Lyons, T. Nelson, and M. Kelley,
Evidence of a high-altitude discharge process responsible for radar echoes at
24.4 MHz, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 60, 957-64, 1998.
-
-
Uchida, A., Y. Takahashi, H. Fukunishi, and W. A. Lyons, Energies of electrons
for inducing elves estimated from N
1P/2P ratio observation, in EOS
Supplement, vol. 80, p. F225, 1999.
-
-
Uman, M., Lightning discharge, Academic Press, London, UK, 1987.
-
-
Vaughan, J., O. H., and B. Vonnegut, Recent observations of lightning
discharges from the top of a thundercloud into the clear air above, Geophysical Research Letters, 94, 13,179, 1989.
-
-
Veronis, G., V. Pasko, and U. Inan, Characteristics of mesospheric optical
emissions produced by lightning discharges, Journal of Geophysical
Research, 104, 12,645-56, 1999.
-
-
Wait, J. R., and K. P. Spies, Characteristics of the Earth-ionosphere waveguide
for VLF radio waves, Tech note 300, National Bureau of Standards,
Boulder, Colorado, 1964.
-
-
Watanabe, Y., A Study on Space-time Structures of Sprites based on Photometric
Observations, Master's thesis, Tohoku University, 1999.
-
-
Wescott, E., D. Sentman, D. Osborne, D. Hampton, and M. Heavner, Preliminary
results from the Sprites94 aircraft campaign. 2. Blue jets, Geophysical
Research Letters, 22, 1209-12, 1995.
-
-
Wescott, E., D. Sentman, M. Heavner, D. Hampton, W. Lyons, and T. Nelson,
Observations of columniform' sprites, Journal of Atmospheric and
Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 60, 733-40, 1998.
-
-
Wescott, L. W., E. M. Wescott, H. C. Stenbaek-Nielsen, D. D. Sentman, D. R.
Moudry, M. T. Heavner, and F. T. Sao Sabbas, Triangulation of sprites and
elves from the NASA 1999 sprites balloon campaign, in EOS Supplement,
vol. 80, p. F224, 1999.
-
-
Wettlaufer, J. S., and J. G. Dash, Melting below zero, Scientific American
(International Edition), 282, 50-3, 2000.
-
-
Williams, E., The positive charge reservoir for sprite-producing lightning,
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 60,
689-92, 1998.
-
-
Wilson, C. T. R., The electric field of a thundercloud and some of its effects,
Proc. Phys. Soc. London, 37, 32D-37D, 1925.
-
-
Winckler, J., Further observations of cloud-ionosphere electrical discharges
above thunderstorms, Journal of Geophysical Research, 100,
14,335-45, 1995.
-
-
Winckler, J., Optical and VLF radio observations of sprites over a frontal
storm viewed from O'Brien Observatory of the University of Minnesota, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 60, 679-88,
1998.
-
-
Winckler, J., R. Franz, and R. Nemzek, Fast low-level light pulses from the
night sky observed with the SKYFLASH program, Journal of Geophysical
Research, 98, 8775-83, 1993.
-
-
Winckler, J., W. Lyons, T. Nelson, and R. Nemzek, New high-resolution
ground-based studies of sprites, Journal of Geophysical Research,
101, 6997-7004, 1996.
-
-
Yukhimuk, V., R. Roussel-Dupre, E. Symbalisty, and Y. Taranenko, Optical
characteristics of blue jets produced by runaway air breakdown, simulation
results, Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 3289-92, 1998.
-
Christopher Barrington Leigh