...density!electron!ambient1.1
The International Reference Ionosphere can be found at:
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/model/models/iri.html 
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... height1.2
In fact, despite the high electron density, they may couple all the way through the ionosphere as whistler-mode waves, evidence that the magnetization of the plasma does become significant at the upper altitudes shown in Figure 1.1. 
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... macroscopic2.1
i.e., spatially averaged on a convenient scale which includes many electrons. $ n_{e}$ and $ {\bf v}_{d}$ are of course directly defineable as moments of the electron distribution function. 
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...collisions!electron-electroncollisions,2.2
This proportionality of the conductivity to the electron density is in contrast to the behavior of a highly ionized plasma in which collisions between charged particles dominate, and the dependence of $ \sigma$ on $ n_{e}$ is lost [e.g., Sturrock, 1994, p. 176]. 
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... thermalizes.2.3
The electron distribution function reaches a thermal equilibrium with the neutral and ion population. This ``thermal'' distribution may not necessarily be a Maxwellian form. 
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...elves!named.''2.4
The singular noun has come to be ``elve'' but may be pronounced as ``elf''. The odd spelling of the singular form is intended to discriminate it from the acronym, ELF. 
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... too.2.5
Reported by Steve Cummer and Martin Füllekrug at the June 2000 CEDAR meeting in Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. 
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... body|nn2.6
The effects of three-body attachment, given in equation (2.16), are negligible over the time scales modeled. 
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... coefficient3.1
The isotropic Rayleigh-scatter coefficient $ \beta$ is defined such that the transmitted fraction of light is $ T=e^{-\int\beta(r)dr}$, where the integral is carried out over the line of sight. The optical depth, mentioned below, is simply $ \int$ $ \beta(r)dr$. 
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... extinction.3.2
This software was provided by Thomas M. Myers of the U.S. Army Phillips Laboratory. 
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... halo''5.1
This name may be an unfortunate one, since the shape of elves seen in diagrams, some models (Figure 4.3), and some images (Figure 4.9) exhibits a central hole and thus resembles a halo more than the diffuse region of sprites. 
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... Laboratory.5.2
Determination of lightning current moments is not possible for these events because the sferics each saturated in the first half-millisecond. 
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... array,5.3
Indeed, events previously identified as elves based on their downward progression in the vertical array used by Tohoku University are now being reanalysed as sprite halos [Rina Miyasato, private communication, 2000]. 
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